MEZEREUM

MEZEREUM.

Daphne mezereum. Chamælia germanica. Mezereon, Spurge Olive. (Hilly woods over nearly whole of Europe and Russian Asia.) N. O. Thymelaceæ. Tincture of fresh bark gathered just before the plant flowers in February and March.

Clinical

Bones, affections of. Coccygodynia. Constipation. Contraction of tendons. Crusta lactea. Ear, affections of; sensitive to air.Erythema. Exostoses. Eyes, affections of. Glands enlarged. Gleet. Gonorrhœa. Hæmaturia. Hernia. Herpes zoster. Impetigo. Irritation. Leucorrhœa. Mercury, effects of.Neuralgia. Osteoma. Pediculosis. Pityriasis. Prolapsus ani. Pruritus senilis. Rheumatism. Scrofula. Syphilis. Teeth, affections of. Tinea capitis. Tinea versicolor. Tongue, affections of; swelling of. Ulcers. Vaccination.

Characteristics

An idea of the virulence of this poison may be gathered from a case reported in Allen'sAppendix: A pale girl, 14, having been advised to use Mezereum leaves to make her fat and rosy, went into the woods and used them freely on her cheeks and surrounding parts. Burning soon set in, the whole face swelled enormously, especially nose, eyelids, and hairy scalp. Severe and painful sneezing set in, delirium, dull, unbearable, pressing pains in forehead, a nauseous dryness in throat and constant irritation to dry cough. The face soon showed the appearance of erysipelas bullosum; nostrils closed, she could only breathe through mouth; febrile pulse, burning urine. Oil and compresses were applied, and after the second day desquamation occurred in large pieces. But health did not return. Debility, loss of vitality, mental depression bordering on idiocy followed; then typhoid fever, lasting fully three months, to which she finally succumbed. Poisoning has also been observed from the effects of the berries: dryness and burning of throat and stomach; intense thirst; narcotism, coma, convulsions of eyes and upper limbs were observed. In a child of four, poisoned with the berries, these symptoms occurred: Swollen lips; tongue furred and swollen, protruding, swallowing difficult. The tongue remained quite raw when other symptoms had passed away (H. W., xxii. 466). Hahnemann records this: A robust man took Mezereum bark for some ailment, and continued it after the ailment disappeared. Soon, unbearable itching set in all over body, could not sleep a moment. Thirty-six hours after discontinuing it the itching was still increasing, then a few grains of Camphorremoved it. Mezereum is the vegetable analogue of, and is one of the most important antidotes to, Mercurius. Merc. and Mez. antidote one another. Mind, skin, eyes, mucous membranes and bones are affected in much the same way by both; they have the same sensitiveness to damp, cold, and warmth, and the same nightly aggravations. Nash mentions an exception to the < by warmth. In a man whom he cured with Mez. of obstinate facial neuralgia, the pains were brought on or greatly < by eating, and the only relief the man could get was by holding the painful side close to a hot stove. Only radiatedheat was of any use, hot cloths, wet or dry, gave no relief whatever. Mez. affects the long bones more markedly than others, and the least touch is intolerable; but it has, like Merc., a strong affinity for the facial bones and teeth. With Mez. the decay attacks the roots or sides rather than the crowns (which Merc. attacks). The toothache is < at night, < by touch, even with the tongue, and is > by holding the mouth open and drawing in air. Neuralgia about the eyes; the pains radiate and shoot downward, and if there is in addition a sensation in the eye itself as if a cold wind were blowing in it the indications will be very strong. Mez. is one of Hahnemann's anti-psorics, and it meets many psoric manifestations. Carroll Dunham has recorded (Science of Therapeutics, 462) a notable case of deafness, due to suppressed psora. A Youth, 17, deaf since four, and incapacitated thereby, secludes himself and broods over his trouble. Membranes thickened. At the age of three he had an eruption of thick, whitish scabs, hard, almost horny, covering the whole scalp. There were fissures through which exuded on pressure a thick, yellowish pus, often very offensive. Much itching and disposition to tear off the scabs with the finger-nails, < at night. The treatment (allopathic) was vigorous: A tar cap was placed on the head, and when firmly adherent to the scabs was violently tom off, scabs and all, leaving the whole scalp raw. This was painted with a saturated solution ofArg. nit. The eruption did not reappear, but from that time the child was deaf. The eruption was the very counterpart of an eruption observed in a proving by Wehle. Mez. 30, three globules in a powder of sugar of milk, was given on each of these dates─February 3, March 1, and September 28, 1857, and January 26, 1858. Improvement set in slowly after the first dose, which was only repeated when the effect of each preceding dose seemed to be exhausted. Finally the hearing was for all practical purposes completely restored. The action ofMez. in catarrhal cases is illustrated in another case (Amer. Hom., xxi. 417). Miss M. R., 39, brunette, had chronic catarrh. The left ear had long been deaf, and the right had begun to fail. There were noises in the ears. Drum membranes retracted and scarred. The symptoms were: Excessive sensitiveness to the air, even of a fan, and occasionally a sensation as if air went through to the throat. Mucous membrane of naso-pharynx granular and irritable. A dose of Mez. given before each meal entirely relieved the symptoms. The ulcers of Mez. have thick, yellowish, white scabs. Vesicles appear now and then, and itch and burn. Lint dressings stick to them, and when they are torn away bleeding occurs. Burning vesicles on the sides of the fingers; and ulcers on finger-joints. With eczema there is intolerable itching, < in bed and from touch. Vaccinal eczemas are frequently of the Mez. type. Mez. is often of great service in herpes zoster, both during the eruption and for the neuralgia remaining after, especially if the pains are burning. In a lecture on Mez. by T. S. Hoyne (Med. Vis., xiii. 65) are collected many cases illustrating the action of the remedy. Here is a mental case (in a woman) treated by W. E. Payne: No rest when alone; wants company. Ideas vanish while talking; cannot repeat what has been learned by heart. Looks through the window for hours without being conscious of objects around. Does not know what she is about; forgets what she is about to utter; looks ill-humoured, pale, wretched, fallen away. Apprehensiveness at pit of stomach, as when expecting some very unpleasant intelligence. All symptoms relieved in a single night by Mez. 20. (I give the italics as in the original.) Among neuralgic cases are the following: (1) Man, 28, violent neuralgia, boring pain in left lower jaw-bone, extending to temple and ear. < Night, > from pressure.Mez. 3 relieved in two hours (S. R. Geiser). (2) H. G., stout, healthy-looking negro, left supra-orbital neuralgia recurring daily at 9 a.m., increasing till noon, declining till 4 p.m., when it entirely departed leaving no soreness behind. Pain = flow of tears. Mez. 1 cured permanently after other remedies had failed Q. W. Vance). (3) Mrs. X. had pain in right eye-tooth, daily increasing. Felt too long. Pains much < by pressure on crown and outside root. Mez. 2 cured (Oehme). (4) Toothache in incisor tooth in lady. Tooth feels elongated, loose, excessively sensitive, with sensation as if being raised out of its socket. Upper part of tooth excessively painful. Mez. 200 cured in a few hours (Hempel). (5) The fastenings of a hammock broke, and a lady on it fell, striking the sacrum and coccyx on the stump of a tree. She suffered excruciating pain. Arn. was applied locally. In a few weeks she came home, and the coccyx was still so tender she could not sit─only lie or stand. Arn. internally and externally for two weeks had no influence.Mez. 2 cured in five days (Oehme).─"Constipation after confinement" has proved a good indication for Mez.: "My stools are as hard as stone, and as large as my arm. I feel as if they would split me open. They come in sections like mouthfuls, and I become much exhausted and tremble with weakness. Every stool is immediately preceded by chills, and followed by long stitches up rectum." Mez. 12 produced a natural stool in twelve hours (H. Noah Martin).Green discharges according to Cooper strongly indicate Mez. It has cured a case of dry crust on scalp and falling out of hair, accompanied with short sight. Daphne laureola, the British representative of the genus, has cured scald-head when Mez. failed. The symptoms in this case were < by day, whereas Mez. has < at night. The pains ofD. laureola come on in the morning and affect the entire head or whole left side: Guaiac. pains are also < by day and > by warmth (Cooper). Cooper gives me the following cases: (1) Woman, 48, had rheumatism which came on ten years before in hands from wearing wet gloves, and extended later to arms and knees; stiffness on walking with loss of muscular power, < in hot weather, "pins and needles" in fingers on elevating arms, cannot grasp things, sometimes one hand burns when other is cold, climacteric flushings. Great relief from Mez. Ø. (2) Girl, 18, getting thin, with headache across forehead, temples, and eyes, a throbbing with sickness of stomach and water-brash, always < by movement; bowels very confined; menses never appeared. Mez. cured; (3) Pimples on ankles and backs of feet, horrid taste and clamminess of mouth in morning, pimples >by hard scratching, sluggish bowels. Mez. cured. H. B. Esmond (H. R., vii. 41) cured withMez. 3x a youth, 17, who had been afflicted with "salt rheum" as long as he could remember. It was absent in summer, but every autumn, as soon as cold weather came, face, neck, hands, and forearms would break out and continue sore till warm weather returned. Another indication for Mez. is hypersensitiveness of the ear to air. It has cured a case in which there was a feeling as if air went through the ear to the throat. The rectum and anus are the seat of many characteristic symptoms, stitches, burning itching. During stool the rectum prolapses and the sphincter closes upon the protruded part. This constricting tendency is noticed in the throat and stomach, and also in the tendons. The leg is shortened with pain in hip. Tension in muscles of chest. Pain and stiffness in muscles of neck. Cramp-like contraction over chest and back; and across front of chest.Sensations are: Head as if drunk; as if everything in the head would press asunder; as if skull would split; as if top of head gone; as if head bruised; as if head was in an ants' nest. Eyes as if too large; as if drawn back into head. Ears as if too open; as if air pouring into them; as if tympanum was exposed to cold air; as if air was distending right external meatus. Teeth feel too long. Hard palate, feels as if made of wood. Throat as if narrowing. As if food remained a long time in stomach. Stools feel as if they would split anus. Chest feels too tight. Limbs feel shortened. As if fire darting through muscles. As if millions of insects were crawling on him. Sensation of lightness of body. Bones are very sore and feel distended. Diseased parts wither. Mez. issuited to: Light-haired persons; phlegmatic temperament; irresolute. The plant flowers in very early spring, even when snow is on the ground, and it is suited to complaints which come on in the earliest months of the year. <From cold; damp; cold winds; sudden changes of weather; heat; warm food. Head pains are >wrapping up head. Prosopalgia > by heat of stove (not by other heat). Drawing in air >toothache. < From touch or pressure. < From motion. Lying down < itching of scalp. Stooping > headache. < Evening and night. <During menses (burning itching inner side of throat). Affections go from above downward; from within outward; and from right to left.

Relations

Antidoted by:─Aco., Bry., Calc. (headache), K. iod., Merc., Nux. It antidotes: Merc., Nit. ac., Phos., Alcohol. Compatible: Calc., Caust., Ign., Lyc., Merc., Nux, Pho., Puls. Compare: In ciliary neuralgia, Spi. (Mez. pains radiate and shoot down, cold feeling in eye; Spi., stabbing pains in or radiating from eye, eyeballs feel swollen), Thuj., Ced., Ars., Merc. Protruded and constricted rectum, Lach. Eczema, Rhus, Anac. Ulcers on finger-joints, Bor., Sep. Feeling of cold wind blowing in eye, Croc. (across eye), Med., Syph., Thuj. (out of eye). Blinking, Mercurialis. Nausea in throat, Cycl., Phos. ac., Stan., Val. (in rectum, Ruta; in hypogastrium, Puls.). Stitch in rectum, Ign., Pho. Long bones, Angust. Carious teeth, Kre. Vesicles appear round ulcers and itch, Hep. Pains in periosteum < at night, Phyt., Merc. Rheumatism and skin, Guaiac., Anac., Rhus.

Causation

Anger. Mercury. Vaccination.

1. Mind

Hypochondriacal humour, with sadness and tears.─(Fearful depression, miserable feeling).─Anguish and inquietude, esp. in solitude, with wish for society.─Indifference about everything and everybody around him.─Aversion to talk. it seems to him to be hard work to utter one word.─Disposed to reproach others or to quarrel.─Irresolute.─Everything seems dead and nothing makes a vivid impression.─Peevishness.─Passion.─Unfitness for labour.─Weak memory (mind is easily confused).─Mental torpor.─Slow conception.─Ideas are frequently lost.

2. Head

Stupefying confusion in head, as from intoxication, or immoderate pollutions.─Vertigo, which causes falling on one side, with sparkling before eyes.─Headache, with shuddering and shivering, < in open air.─(Splitting headaches: head throbs on movement, begins in frontal sinuses, patient gets rapidly thin, and brings up water from stomach with straining; feels low and weak.).─Pressive and stunning headache, on one side only of brain.─Headache in temples and sides of head after an exertion and from talking much.─Violent headache and great sensitiveness to least contact after a slight anger.─Compressive or cramp-like pain, as if head were being severed.─Violent, pulsative, and pressive pains in whole head, forehead, nose, and teeth, < by the slightest movement.─Thrilling headache, with vomiting of mucus.─Sensation of torpor, with drawing pains in one side of head.─Pains in bones of cranium, < by touch.─Painful sensitiveness of scalp and of hair to touch.─Gnawing itching in scalp.─Itching eruption on head, sometimes moist.─Head covered with a thick leather-like crust, under which thick and white pus collects here and there, and the hair is glued together.─On head great elevated white scabs, under which ichor collects in great quantity, and which begins to be offensive and breed vermin.─The scabs on head look chalky and extend to eyebrows and nape of neck.─Burning, biting itching on scalp, principally on vertex, when scratching the locality changes but the itching becomes <; this is followed by very sore boils and humid eruptions, < at night and when lying down.─(Hard scabs on head six months, no irritation, much oozing with weakness and trembling of ankles.).─Pains in bones of scalp (on both sides) with swelling and caries, great sensitiveness to contact, cold, motion, < in evening.─Numbness of scalp, with drawing pain in it, generally only on one side; < from cold contact and in evening.─> By heat.─Dandruff, white, dry.

3. Eyes

Inclination to wink with eyes.─Dryness in eyes, with pressure in them.─Twitching of muscles around eyes.─Lachrymation, with smarting in eyes.─Staring at one spot.─Pain, as if balls of eyes were too large, with aching.─Sensation as if eyes drawn back into head.─Eyes feel strained.─Smarting in internal canthi.─Inflammation of eyes; conjunctiva injected, dirty red.─Three days after one doseMez. Ø eyes became bloodshot, first one then the other, with cramp in both feet and l. upper limb, < night. (R. T. C.).─Myopia, or presbyopia.─Sparks before eyes.─Obstinate twitching of the muscles of the l. upper lid.─Pupils contracted.

4. Ears

Otalgia, with drawing and acute pullings.─Itching and oozing eruption behind ears (scratching causes small elevations, they are scratched off and feel sore).─Hardness of hearing.─Sensation of stoppage of ears.─Ears feel as if they were too open, and as if air were pouring into them, or as if the tympanum were exposed to the cold air, with a desire to bore with fingers into ear.─Sensation as though air were distending the r. external meatus; afterward in l.; as if roaring would occur.─Tinkling in ears, sometimes with drowsiness.─[Cooper supplies the following additions]: Deafness with headache all over head, < on vertex, as if the bone were breaking, a splitting headache with tenderness of scalp, begins across root of nose and eyes and is < at night, also a sick feeling after food (cured).─Bursting sensation in r. ear with neuralgia of whole side of head (cured).─A rumbling in ears, with feeling of fulness and pressure and dimness of sight (produced).─Swelling of r. ear and itching as if a boil were forcing itself through concha (produced).─Adenoids, post nasal; deafness <when eating, slight otorrhœa, stuffiness of l. nostril with ozæna.─Very deaf, both membranes highly vascular following cold and acute headache of r. side of head; deafness had lasted 2 1/2 months (cured).─Heavy dulness in l. ear with itching in both eyelids, could scratch them to pieces (cured).

5. Nose

Twitching (visible) on root of nose.─Excoriation of interior of nose.─Diminution of smell, with sensation of dryness in nose, and sometimes ineffectual desire to sneeze.─Frequent sneezings, accompanied by pain of excoriation in chest.─Fluent coryza, with secretion of liquid and yellow (thin, at times bloody) mucus, excoriation and burning in nose, and eruption on lips, and burning of upper lip.─(Ozæna, 15 years, in woman, 35, < l. nostril: Mez. 3x irritated nostril, was then omitted and discharge ceased; this occurred several times, till quite cured.─After Mez. Ø, sneezes many times for twenty-four hours, then gets darting pains from head to foot and is hardly able to bear anything to touch her for three days.─R. T. C.)

6. Face

Grey, earthy complexion.─Face and forehead hot and red, with great restlessness and peevishness.─Paleness of face.─Cramp-like and stunning pressure on cheek-bone, sometimes only on one side (r.), and extending to eye, temple, ear, teeth, neck, and into shoulder.─Drawings in jaw-bones.─Continued and painful twitching in cheeks and eyelids.─Frequent troublesome twitching of muscles in middle of r. cheek.─Furunculi on face.─Child scratches its face constantly; it becomes covered with blood.─In night child scratches its face so that the bed is covered with blood in morning; face is covered with a scab, which the child keeps constantly tearing off anew, and on the spots thus left raw large, fat pustules form.─The ichor from scratched face excoriates other parts.─A honey-like scab around mouth.─Skin of face is of a deep inflammatory redness, the eruption is humid and fat.─Excoriation and burning in lips and commissures.─Lips swollen and cracked, with exfoliation; swelling of lower lip with rhagades.─Upper lip ulcerated, with burning pain when touched.─Shootings in submaxillary glands.

7. Teeth

Pains in carious teeth.─The hollow teeth decay suddenly.─Drawing, burning, or boring shootings in teeth, and into cheek-bones, and temples.─Jerking and tearing pains in teeth.─Sensation as if teeth were set on edge, and too long.─Toothache < by touch and by movement, as well as during the shiverings in evening.─Teeth pain when touched by the tongue.─Ebullition of blood to the head, shiverings and constipation, during toothache.─Teeth coated with fetid mucus.─Teeth speedily become carious.─Burning vesicles in gums.

8. Mouth

Burning vesicles in mouth and on tongue.─Tongue swollen, protruding.─Tongue quite raw.─Constant burning in mouth.─Burning in the mouth and throat.─Impeded speech.

9. Throat

Pressive pain in throat on swallowing.─Roughness, excoriation, smarting scraping, and lancinating in throat and palate.─Burning in throat (pharynx) and in œsophagus.─Inflammation of throat.─Constriction and contraction of pharynx; the food presses on the part during deglutition.

10. Appetite

Beer has a bitter taste, and is thrown up when taken.─Increased hunger at noon.─Great hunger or loss of appetite.─Violent hunger in afternoon and evening.─Unusual longing for ham fat.─Burning in the stomach, mouth, and throat, > by eating (swallowing the food).─Repugnance to food.

11. Stomach

Frequent and empty risings, esp. after drinking.─Sensation of nausea in throat.─Sensation as if posterior part of throat were full of mucus, same after hawking.─Nausea, with accumulation of water in mouth, shuddering and trembling of whole body.─Violent vomitings of greenish and bitter mucus, accompanied by headache.─Vomiting of blood.─Aching in stomach.─Burning, and sensation of heat in stomach.─Inflammation of stomach.─Contraction of diaphragm.

12. Abdomen

Abdomen hard and tense.─Chronic, cramp-like, acute, pulling, pressive, constrictive, and shooting pains in abdomen.─Stitches in l. hypochondrium.─Dull pain in region of spleen.─Heaviness in abdomen.─Sensation of heat, and burning in abdomen.─Inflammation of intestines.─Expansive pressure in inguinal ring.─Drawing in inguinal glands.─Flatulent colic, with rumbling and borborygmi in abdomen, difficult respiration, and shivering.─Many short, fetid, flatulent discharges, esp. before the stool.

13. Stool and Anus

Difficult stools, of the consistence of thick pap, with urgent want to evacuate.─Constipation.─Constipation, stool dark brown, in knots, very hard balls, with great straining, but not painful.─Stools soft, brown, smelling sour.─Soft stool in evening, fermented stool, not fully digested, smelling very offensive or sour.─Excessive diarrhœa (small stools) with intolerable colic.─Brown fæces, containing some white, glistening bodies.─Scanty, soft, frequent evacuations.─Violent diarrhœa, with insupportable pains in abdomen.─[Passes large quantities of blood by bowel with diarrhœa and sickness; is bilious (cured).─Mez. often relieves constipation, esp. with hepatic and uterine inertia.─R. T. C.].─During (or after) stool, prolapse of rectum with constriction of anus, which makes it very difficult to replace; sore and painful to touch.─Before and after stool, creeping in rectum as from ascarides.─Stitch in rectum; upwards (in afternoon).─Biting, sore pain in anus on walking, and a burning in rectum.─Pain in anus and anterior part of penis.─Pinching in anus and near anus l. side.─Crawling in anus; much itching.─Tenesmus, tearing and drawing in anus and perinæum, and through whole urethra.─Coldness and shuddering, before, and after the evacuation.

14. Urinary Organs

Diminished secretion of urine.─In morning and forenoon, frequent discharges of large quantities of pale urine.─Flock-like cloudiness, and reddish sediment in urine.─Hæmaturia.─Sticking in kidney, and pain as if torn.─Pain, as from excoriation, in urethra.─Discharge of mucus from urethra.─Discharge of a few drops of blood after urinating.─Biting burning in forepart of urethra at close of micturition.─After micturition, itching at prepuce.

15. Male Sexual Organs

Tearing, jerking, and lancination, in penis.─Tearing and burning lancinations in the end of the glans.─Heat and swelling of penis.─Violent erections and increased sexual desire.─Swelling of testicles.─Fine pricking stitches in penis and tip of glans.─Abundant secretion of smegma behind glans, like gonorrhœa balani.─Swelling (painless) of scrotum.

16. Female Sexual Organs

Chronic leucorrhœa, like white of eggs (malignant, corroding), sometimes also serous.─Menses: too frequent and lasting too long; scanty with leucorrhœa and prosopalgia; suppressed.─During pregnancy, diarrhœa and prolapsus recti.─After confinement, constipation, burning and stitches in rectum.─(Climacteric flushings remain away for several months.)

17. Respiratory Organs

Hoarseness, with burning and dryness in throat, irritation which excites coughing, rawness in chest, and difficult respiration.─Violent cough, when lying down.─Dry cough, with retching and vomiting, in evening, and at night.─Desire to draw a long breath.─Spasmodic, violent whooping-cough, caused by an irritation in larynx, extending to chest, expectoration in morning, of a yellow, albuminous, tough mucus, tasting salt.─The cough is < in evening till midnight; or day and night, with tension over thorax; when eating or drinking anything hot (has to cough till the food is vomited up); from drinking beer.─Violent inclination to cough low down in trachea; cannot loosen anything by the cough.

18. Chest

Difficult respiration.─Pain in chest, during inspiration, as if there were adhesions in lungs, and the cavity of the chest were too narrow.─Aching in chest.─Painful tension of muscles of chest.─The chest feels too tight on stooping.─Pain, as from excoriation and burning in sternum.─Stitches in chest, <during inspiration; in (r.) side of chest, < from drawing a long breath.

19. Pulse

Pulse intermittent; full, tense, hard.

20. Neck and Back

Painful rigidity of nape of neck, and of neck and external muscles; in r. side of neck and throat, < on motion.─Tearing jerking in sides of neck.─Rheumatic pains in muscles of shoulder-blade; they feel tense and swollen, and prevent motion.─Shootings in back.─Contractive and tensive pain in back, extending to sacrum.─Sacral pains.─(Coccyx tender and sore, from a fall).

22. Upper Limbs

Dislocating pain in shoulder-joint.─R. arm feels sprained on top of shoulder.─Pain, as from excoriation, in axillæ (r.).─R. hand cold (while writing), l. warm (in a warm room).─Cold hands.─Trembling in r. hand.─Tips of fingers powerless, cannot hold anything.─The hands (and feet) go to sleep continually.─Drawing and rheumatic tension in arms, with paralytic weakness.─Paralysis of flexors.─Jerking pains in shoulders, arms, hands, and fingers.─Swelling and heat of arm and hand, with twitching and pricking in muscles.─Ulcers on finger-joints.

23. Lower Limbs

Jerking in hip-joint, as far as knee.─Contraction of leg.─R. hip-joint feels sprained on walking.─Twitching of whole of r. leg.─Pain in hip, the leg is shortened.─Whole leg covered with elevated white scabs.─(Ulcer on leg with intense itching in surrounding skin and in scalp, much < in warmth; with slight diarrhœa.).─Cracking in r. knee when rising in morning.─Legs and feet go to sleep.─Stitches in toes of r. foot.─Pain in periosteum of the long bones, esp. the tibia, < at night in bed, and then the least touch is intolerable.─Pains in bones of thighs and legs.─Tearing, drawing, and tension in thighs, legs, feet, and toes.─Tension and stiffness in knees.─Jerking, and pressive pain in tibia.─Hard swelling of calves of legs.─Jerking pain in toes.─Violent pains in bones of feet; in bones of instep, < when walking.─Pain in ball of little toe.

24. Generalities

[This remedy is often useful in cases of very violent neuralgic pains about the teeth or face, particularly if the pain be in the l. bone, running toward ear; also neuralgic pains at night in teeth.─Affections of any kind appearing on external head, principally r. side; teeth in l. side; forehead; shin-bone.─Collection of water in mouth, i.e., "mouth waters.".─Urine with real flakes, which float about on the top.─Subsultus tendinum, as in typhoid fever, &c., when by putting the fingers on the wrist or on other parts of the body the tendons are felt to jump and jerk.─Burning, darting sensation in the muscles like fire darting through them.─H. N. G.].─Drawing, rheumatic tearing, and tension in the limbs, with paralytic weakness.─Thrilling pains, which leave a distressing sensation behind them, for a long time.─Drawing, pains in one side of body, with shivering.─Pains, accompanied by shivering and shuddering.─Gnawing pains, as from excoriation in mucous membranes.─Burning in the organs of digestion.─Burning of internal parts, with external chilliness.─Inflammation and swelling of bones; esp. shafts of cylindrical bones; caries, after abuse of Mercury.─Ulceration of bones.─Tension in muscles.─Hot, jerking stitches in various parts of body.─Jerking and quivering of muscles.─Drawings and sensation of weakness in joints; joints feel bruised and weary, as if they would give way.─Contusive pain, and heaviness in all limbs.─Heaviness and indolence of body.─Feeling of great lightness of body.─General sick feeling.─Bending of body in walking.─Emaciation or bloatedness of body and face, with enlargement of abdomen in children.─Pain in the glands.─Abscesses of fibrous parts or tendons.─Predominance of sufferings on one side of the body.─Symptoms < in the evening; < on touching part affected; and on movement.─Great susceptibility to cold air.─Sensitiveness to washing with cold water in morning.

25. Skin

Sensitiveness to touch.─General desquamation of skin of body; usual liver spots on chest and arms become dark and desquamate.─Red rash, itching violently; < in bed, from touch; burning and change of place after scratching.─Cutaneous ulcers form over bony protuberances.─Ulcers with thick, whitish, yellow scabs, under which thick, yellow pus collects.─Skin covered with elevated white scabs.─Itching, esp. at night (when in bed), more violent and painful (and changed to burning) after scratching the parts, and sometimes with swelling of the part that has been scratched.─Gnawing itching as from vermin.─Miliary eruptions, sometimes chronic.─Furunculi.─Inflamed ulcers, with burning and shooting, or with gnawing pain of excoriation.─Inflammation and swelling of the bones, rachitis, caries.─Ulcers: with an areola, sensitive and easily bleeding when removing the linen, which sticks, painful at night, the pus tends to form an adherent scab, under which a quantity of pus collects, burning and stinging with inflammation.─Vesicles around the ulcers, itching violently and burning, like fire.─Suppuration after inflammation.

26. Sleep

Great sleepiness by day, with agitated and unrefreshing sleep, at night.─Shocks in body during sleep.─Waking early (towards 2 or 3 a.m.) in consequence of nightmare.

27. Fever

Pulse full and hard; in the evening accelerated; intermitting at times.─Chilliness, shiverings, and coldness of whole body, esp. in hands and feet, with violent thirst, and sometimes without a desire for warmth.─Chill predominates even in warm room.─Chill with thirst and desire for heat.─Chill from upper arms, extending to back and legs.─Heat in bed, mostly in the head.─Intermittent fever; chill over the whole body accompanied by asthmatic contraction and tightness of chest, in front and back.─During cold stage, a peculiar thirst; dryness in back of mouth, with accumulation of saliva in fore part without any desire to drink.─During cold stage, drowsiness in the warm room.─Sleep, with sweat, after the shiverings (without previous heat).─Fever, accompanied by headache, and paleness of face, the splenetic region painful, swollen, and hard, weakness and great susceptibility to cold air; tertian fever.─Violent inflammatory fever.

GRAPHITES

GRAPHITES.

Plumbago. Black Lead. An allotropic modification of carbon. (The finest specimens contain traces of iron, 0.04 to 0.6 per cent.; poor qualities as much as 4 per cent.) Trituration of prepared Black Lead from finest English drawing-pencils.

Clinical

Acne. Amenorrhœa. Anus, affections of. Blepharitis. Breasts, indurated; cancer of. Cancer. Catarrh. Chaps. Chlorosis. Colic.Constipation. Deafness. Dropsy. Dysmenorrhœa. Ears, affections of. Eczema. Epistaxis. Erysipelas. Eyes, affections of. Face, erythema of. Feet, affections of. Fissures. Gastralgia. Glandular swellings. Gleet. Gravel. Hæmorrhoids. Headache. Herpes. Hydrocele. Influenza. Irritation. Lachrymal duct inflamed. Leucorrhœa. Lips, cracked. Liver, indurated. Menstruation, disorders of. Mentagra. Nails, disorders of. Noises in head. Nose, affections of. Nose-bleed. Obesity. Ovarian tumours. Paralysis. Parotitis. Pityriasis. Priapism. Pruritus vaginæ. Psoriasis. Ptosis. Rectum, affections of. Rhus poisoning. Scar., inflamed. Scrofula. Seminal emissions. Skin, affections of. Smell, disorders of. Stomach, cramp in. Sycotic diathesis. Syphilis. Trichiasis. Tumours. Ulcers. Urine, disordered. Uterus, cancer of. Vaccination, effects of. Wens. Whooping-cough. Worms. Zona.

Characteristics

The first idea of using this substance as a drug, says Hahnemann, is due to S. Weinhold, who was led to it by seeing workmen in a mirror-factory use it as a local application for tetters. Ruggieri followed him, using it both internally and locally. Hufeland relates the cure of a lady, 41, by the internal and external use of Graph., of an acne rosacea which had defied all other modes of treatment. Teste classes Graph. in the Pulsatilla group withSilic., Calc., Hepar, and Phos. He gives the following among other symptoms as common to Puls., Silic., and Graph.: "Anxious, changeable, wavering mood; aversion to work; vertigo with cloudiness; a sort of intoxication in the morning; sense of fulness or emptiness in the head; drowsiness in daytime; single, acute, deep shocks in right half of brain; flickering before eyes; suspension of visual power; photophobia; lachrymation in open air; foul smell before nostrils; amenorrhœa; swelling of right testicle; swelling of veins; wandering pains; pain in the parts not lain upon; heaviness in affected parts; rheumatism at nape of neck; sweat at night having odour of urine; drowsiness in daytime."

Hahnemann was quick to perceive that Graph. was much more than a mere remedy for skin affections. Like that other great skin remedy,Sulphur, Graph. proved to be a leading antipsoric. Hahnemann's provings and observations defined its powers over skin affections. Its special characteristic is: "Eruptions oozing out a thick, honey-like fluid." Wherever such eruptions are found Graph. is in all probability the remedy. I have cured many cases, notably some occurring on the occiput, and behind the ears. It is no less frequently a remedy for the results of repelled eruptions of the kind. Nash records such a case: A child had been "relieved" of an eczema capitis under old-school treatment, whereupon entero-colitis set in, and became so alarming that it was pronounced "consumption of the bowels." Nash when called in found the child greatly emaciated, with little or no appetite, very restless, passing "stools of brown fluid mixed with undigested substances, and of an intolerably fetid odour."Graph. 6m (Jenichen) cured promptly. Graph. being one of the forms of Carbon, it is therefore related to Carbo anim., and Carbo veg.; and as it contains a small percentage of iron, it is also related to Ferrum.

Graph. causes slight erethism at first, then a weak, relaxed, condition; anæmia; chlorosis. The typical Graphites patient is "fat, chilly, and costive." Lymphatic glands are swollen. Like the skin, the mucous membranes are cracked and fissured, and have scanty secretions. Irregularities in the distribution of the blood occur, pallor of skin and mucous membranes. The circulation is at first excited, then follows loss of energy and consequent venous hyperæmia. Fainting readily occurs with great anxiety; motion is impaired and the tissues relaxed, but paralysis is not complete. A marked characteristic of Graphites is a rush of blood to head, with flushed face. I have cured two very severe cases of nose-bleed in elderly people where this symptom was present. In one case there had been flushing of head and neck for many months previous to the attack, and flushing preceded and accompanied each occurrence of the bleeding. In the other case the patient said the precursory flush seemed to come up from his toes. He had had his nostrils plugged, without avail, before I saw him. Graphites, in a high potency, cured promptly in both instances. Hahnemann gives the symptom on which I based the prescription as follows: "Bleeding of the nose at 10 p.m.; preceded in the afternoon by rush of blood to the head, and heat of face," There is also "rush of blood to head, with distension and flatulence."

Graphites is suited to persons who have a tendency to put on unhealthy fat. Defective animal heat from defective oxygenation; always cold, indoors or out. Chlorotics. Affections of glands, skin, and mucous membranes, especially at orifices. TheGraphites condition is not sensitive and herein it differs from Hepar, which has extreme sensitiveness of affected parts. The tone of mind is sad and foreboding. The eyes, ears, and nose are affected, especially the integumentary parts. There is a very characteristic symptom in reference to the hearing: "hardness of hearing > when riding in a carriage." There is a sore throat like that ofLachesis; sensation of a lump, < on empty swallowing. It has also a "lump" sensation at the stomach. It resembles Lachesis, too, in its flushings; in gastralgia > by eating. Hurries to meals to relieve violent pain at epigastrium; especially to dinner and supper. Goullon cured two notable cases of cramps in the stomach with "improvement of the cramps by eating." There was also clean tongue. Milk agreed well, especially hot milk. In one case roast meat agreed, but not boiled meat, and, still less, potatoes. In the morning there was a fishy taste, disappearing later in the day. Another cure by Goullon was of a young lady who was troubled with salivation, coming on any time; sometimes just before sitting down to dinner; oftenest when riding in a carriage, less often when riding in a train. She was prevented by it from seeing company, and was low-spirited. There was also habitual costiveness. Graph. 12 at first aggravated and then rapidly cured. Goullon understood the power of Graphites, perhaps, more completely than any other writer, and I will give another of his cures, as it illustrates several points in the drug's action. A well-grown, healthy-looking girl of fifteen had violent headache in right temple every four weeks; the pain was stinging. Glittering before the eyes frequently preceded and followed the attack, which recurred to the hour, and sometimes also on the following day. Drowsiness accompanied the attack, deep sleep, heat and redness of the head, followed by a chill. Sep. 6 relieved the headache, but the glitter remained. The heaviness of the eyelids led Goullon to Graph. (which causes ptosis). His choice was strengthened on learning that there had been no menstruation, and finally she "had a degree of hoarseness that indicated chronic hypertrophy of the tonsils. (A. Vogel claims this to be a sign of scrofula derived from syphilis.") Graph. 2x trit., in two-grain doses, was given six mornings in succession. The period for the headache passed without recurrence, and the sensation of lights completely disappeared (H. R., vi. 271).Graphites causes suffocative spells which arouse the patient from sleep, he must jump out of bed, < after midnight (Lach. < after sleep). There is a diarrhœa of thin, offensive, partly digested stools. Constipation is more common, the stools being in lumps coated with mucus, and with mucous shreds. Habitual costiveness and, in females, scanty menses form a keynote indication when found associated with other complaints, as headache, skin-affections, &c. Moist itching excoriation around anus and fissures. The male sexual organs are affected as well as the female: Uncontrollable sexual excitement, with violent erections. Priapism. (I have frequently seen this condition produced in patients taking Graph. for other things; and have frequently relieved priapism with Graph.) Impotence. In the female the breasts are affected. Pain under left breast at menstrual period, often waking patient in the night. Hysterical melancholia with occipital headache. Leucorrhœa profuse, in gushes, excoriating. It has many symptoms in common with Sepia, but Graph. affects the ovaries more markedly than the latter. There is a feeling as if the uterus would press out at the vagina. Stiffness of knees. The skin ofGraphites is rough, hard, and dry. Eczematous and herpetic eruptions predominate. Eruption on occiput exuding gluey humour; eczema of ears; moist eczema round anus. Pimples, acne. Wens. Gastro-intestinal affections alternating with acne and erythema of face, herpetic lesions or scrofulous hypochondriasis. Excoriations between toes. Syphilitic and "constitutional" ulcers. Recrudescence of scars. Cracks and fissures. Offensive discharges and secretions. Sweat: stains yellow; sour, offensive.

The senses are abnormally acute: music causes weeping; cannot tolerate the smell of flowers. Weak, exhaustion of whole body. Spasms; contractions of muscles; twitching of eyelids. Cataleptic condition. Sensitiveness of internal parts; numbness in various parts; drawing pain in whole body. Pain as if head were numb, or pithy, or made of wood. Pain as if constricted in occiput, extending to nape of neck, which pains as if broken. "Intense, heavy weight in occiput, as if head drawn back, must rest it, unable to read or think" (result of 2x and 3x, on three separate occasions in a patient of Dr. W. Epps. Chi. 1x. relieved in a few days─Hom. Rev., xl. 162). As if skin of forehead was drawn into folds. As if a skin were before ear. As if a hard body as large as an egg were behind ear. As of a cobweb over the face. As of a lump in stomach, with beating as of two hammers. As if intestines were torn; croaking as of a frog in abdomen. As if everything would be torn to pieces during menstruation. Bearing-down pains in various parts. Rest >; motion <. Riding in a carriage <many complaints; but > hardness of hearing. <Lying on left side. Cold drinks, cold air, damp, wet atmosphere, washing <. Warmth < tearing pain in teeth; warmth of bed < itching; >crampy pain in stomach; scrofulous affections of bones. Eating > cramps in stomach; hot drinks, especially hot milk, >. < In open air; in wind. Bathing after measles =paralysis of face. Getting feet wet = delayed menses. Attacks occur during summer and autumn. Ears feel stuffed at the full moon. Suffering parts emaciate. Overlifting easily. Hæmorrhages. (When giving Graphit. internally in cases of anal eruption I have found the external use of an ointment made with a drachm of the 3x trituration to an ounce of Cetacean ointment of great service. Hirsh, of Prague, has also used Graph. locally in cases of disease of the nails, with very good results.)

Relations

Antidoted by: Acon., Arsen., Chi., Nux v.Antidote to: Arsen., Iod., Rhus t. It follows:Calc., Lyc., Puls., Sep., Sul. Complementary:Caust., Hep., Lyc. Compare: Petrol., Lach., Carb. v., Carb. a., Caust., Nit. ac., Rhus (erysipelas, left then right; Graph., right then left), Ant. c., Ratan., Pæon, Nit. ac., Sil. In priapism, Pic. ac. In affections of right ovary, Pallad., Op. Laughing and weeping alternately, Aur., Pul., Lyc., Stram., Alum. Hears better in ears, Nit. ac. Obesity, Calc. ars. Trichiasis, Borax. Erysipelas beginning on nose, Canth. Fat constitutions, Calc. Burning excoriating discharge from eyes, Ars. (but with Ars. there is spasmodic closing of lids); Sul. has margins of lids reddened; with Graph. they are paler than usual; Euphr. has thick, purulent discharge, Graph. has thin. Profuse salivation, Bism. Graph. is a chronic, or over-grown Puls. (but Puls. has <, and Graph. has > from milk).

Causation

Grief. Fear. Overlifting.

1. Mind

Dejection, sadness and profound melancholy with discouragement and much weeping.─Feels miserably unhappy.─Agitation, compression of the heart, and anguish, as if at the point of death, or under the fear of some calamity, often with headache, vertigo, nausea, and perspiration.─Anxious agitation (with inclination to grief, anxiety about the future), sometimes when seated at work, or at night, with impulse to quit the bed.─Agitation and inquietude in the morning.─Much inclined to grieve and cry in evening, whilst in forenoon she had laughed about every trifle, contrary to her habit.─Weeping without cause.─Obliged to weep at music.─Timid disposition.─Irresoluteness with excessive cautiousness and hesitation.─Too great susceptibility to impressions.─Tendency to be frightened.─Irascibility.─Dread of labour.─Extreme hesitation; unable to make up her mind about anything.─Absence of mind.─Forgetfulness with misapplication of words in speaking or writing.

2. Head

Fatigue in consequence of intellectual labour.─Sensation of numbness in the head.─Intoxication and vertigo, esp. in the morning on rising, or on awaking (the forehead is contracted, with nausea and vomiting); as well as in the evening, with want to lie down.─Confusion in the head.─Attacks of headache, sometimes semi-lateral, with nausea and acid vomiting.─Feeling of looseness of the whole brain.─Violent headache with eructations and nausea, during menstruation.─Periodical unilateral headache, with constipation and amenorrhœa.─Pain in the head as if the head were numb and pithy.─Violent headache in the morning, driving out a cold perspiration, and inducing syncope.─Headache from the motion of a carriage, as well as on moving the head, or during and after a meal.─Headache on the side which presses the pillow.─Tension and pressive constriction in the occiput, with stiffness at the nape of the neck.─Intense heavy weight, or dull pressure, in upper part of occiput, with a feeling as if the head were drawn back, obliging him to rest his head; unable to read or work while pain lasts.─Sensation of compression and contraction in the forehead.─Compressive pain in the vertex in the afternoon, with rotatory movement in the head.─Burning on the top of the head on a small spot.─Ebullition of blood, with beating and buzzing in the head.─Fulness in and congestions to the head, the menstruation being suppressed.─Tearing and pulling in the scalp, in the teeth, and in the glands of the neck.─Itching in the scalp.─Humid scabs on the head.─Humid, spreading, scurfy eruption on the top of the head, painful to the touch, as if from subcutaneous ulceration, and emitting a disgusting odour; extending down to sides of the head into the whiskers; after scratching, more sore and humid; later drying up to a white scurf.─Sweat on the head, while walking in the open air.─Smooth large wens on the hairy scalp; the hairy scalp is very hot, and itches very much, esp. when walking in the open air.─Abundant desquamation of the scalp.─Falling off of the hair, even on the sides of the head and the whiskers.─Rheumatic pains in the scalp, principally in the sides, extending to the teeth and cervical glands; < when walking and becoming cold in open air, > from warmth and while getting warm when walking.─Perspiration smelling acid or very offensive, colouring the linen yellow; on the head (as on the whole body) at night and during the day, from the least exercise; < even while talking, > when walking in the open air.─The hair turns grey.

3. Eyes

Eyelids heavy and falling, as if paralysed.─Aching in the eyes and eyelids, as if sand had been introduced into them.─Shootings in the eyes.─Heat and burning sensation in the eyes, esp. by candle-light.─Inflammation of the eyes, with redness of the sclerotica, injection of the veins, swelling and abundant mucous secretion of the eyelids.─Hordeolum, with drawing pain.─Dry humour in the eyelids, and in the eyelashes.─Agglutination of the eyelids and lachrymation.─Pressure and stinging in the eyes, with lachrymation.─Agglutination of the eyes early in the morning.─Dry gum in the eyelashes.─Obscuration of the sight on stooping.─Myopia.─Confusion of characters on reading.─Sparkling before the eyes.─Photophobia, esp. by day, inflammation and red, swollen eyelids.─Intolerance to the light of day.

4. Ears

Shootings and beatings in the ears.─Dryness of the internal ear.─Fetid smell and discharge of blood and of pus from the ears.─Scabs, tetters, running, and excoriation, behind the ears.─Hardness of hearing.─Hardness of hearing, > by the motion of a carriage.─Singing, tinkling buzzing, and rumbling like that of thunder in the ears.─Buzzing in the ears at night.─Sensation, as if air were enclosed in the Eustachian tube.─Sensation as if the (l.) ear were filled with water.─Sensation as if a skin were before the ear.─Whistling in the ears.─Cracking in the ears when moving the jaw.

5. Nose

Swelling of the nose.─Sensation of tension in interior of nose.─Black pores on nose.─Dry scabs in nose.─Painful dryness of nose.─Nostrils, excoriated, cracked and ulcerated.─Fetid smell from nose.─Discharge of blood when the nose is blown.─Epistaxis, esp. in the evening and at night; preceded by rush of blood to head, and heat in the face.─Discharge of fetid pus from the nose.─Sense of smell sharpened (too sensitive, cannot bear the smell of flowers).─Stoppage, and troublesome dryness of nose.─Quotidian coryza, on being chilled.─Dry coryza, with headache and nausea, which compel the patient to lie down.─Flow of mucus from the nose, liquid, or yellowish, or thick, with putrid smell.─Fluent coryza, with catarrh (as soon as he becomes cold).

6. Face

Pale yellow complexion, with livid circles under eyes.─Flushes of heat in face.─Erysipelatous inflammation and swelling of the face (burning and stinging; the erysipelas spreading in rays), with eruption of vesicles.─Erysipelas preceded by chills and heat alternating; beginning r. side of face, going to l.─Encysted tumour on the cheek.─Constant sensation, as if the face were covered with cobweb.─Semi-lateral paralysis, and distortion of the muscles of the face, with difficult articulation.─Drawing and tearing pains in the bones of the face.─Eruption on the face, in appearance as if the skin were raw.─Scabs and moist pimples on the face.─Ephelis.─Falling off of the beard.─Ulcers on the internal surface of the lips.─Fissures in the ulcerated lips.─Ulcerated corner of the mouth.─Lips cracked.─Scabby eruption on the chin and round the mouth.─Painful nodosities in the lower jaw.─Swelling and hardness of the submaxillary glands.

7. Teeth

Toothache at night, or in the evening in bed, <by heat, and sometimes with heat of the face and swelling of the cheek.─Pains in the molars, on closing the jaws.─Lancinating and drawing toothache, esp. after drinking anything cold, and < by warmth.─Pain, as from excoriation, in teeth and gums, during and esp. after a meal.─Easy bleeding and swelling of the gums.─Fetid odour from the gums and mouth.─Discharge of black and sour blood from the teeth.

8. Mouth

Dryness of the mouth in the morning.─Putrid and urine-like smell from the mouth, gums, and nose.─Pain, as from excoriation, vesicles and ulcers on the tongue.─Bitter taste in the mouth, the tongue being much coated.─Taste of rotten eggs in the morning, after rising.─Profuse salivation, and accumulation of mucus in the palate and throat.─Speech impeded by paralysis of the muscles.

9. Throat

Almost constant soreness of the throat, on swallowing, generally lancinating, with feeling of strangulation.─Pain in the throat, even at night, as if there were a plug within it, or as if the food had stopped there.─Swelling of the tonsils, with pain when swallowing.─Cramps in the throat, with feeling of strangulation.─Roughness and scraping in the throat.

10. Appetite

Bitter or acid taste, with sourness in the mouth and throat.─Great thirst in the morning, and after a meal.─Immoderate hunger (with acidity of the stomach).─Repugnance to cooked food, and to meat: also to anything saline or saccharine.─Weakness of digestion, with drowsiness, headache, pains in the stomach, fulness, and inflation of the abdomen, after a meal.─Hot things disagree with stomach.

11. Stomach

Frequent and sometimes abortive risings.─Sour risings, with bitterness in the mouth.─Sour regurgitation of food.─Bitter and green regurgitations.─Frequent hiccough, esp. after a meal.─Nausea, esp. in the morning, or after every meal, with inclination to vomit.─Water-brash, at night.─Obstinate vomiting of food.─Vomiting after the slightest loathing, with great nausea and pinching in the abdomen.─Retching, with rising up of mucus.─Acid vomitings.─Colic, and pressure on the stomach, sometimes with vomiting, >by a recumbent position, and by the heat of the bed.─Cramp-like pains, or squeezing, as from claws in the stomach.─At night, pinching in the stomach, with digging in the chest.─Burning pain in the stomach, which compels eating.─Cramps in stomach > by eating.

12. Abdomen

Tension, shootings, and beatings in the hypochondria.─Hepatic pains after breakfast, which render it necessary to lie down.─Fulness and heaviness, in abdomen.─Abdomen enlarged, tight, inflated. Inflation of the abdomen, with congestion of blood to the head, heaviness in the head, and vertigo.─Hardness in the abdomen.─Nocturnal, cramp-like pain in all the intestines, with deficient secretion of urine.─Incarceration and accumulation of flatus in the abdomen.─Expulsion of an excessive quantity of fetid flatus, preceded by pinchings.─Rumbling in the abdomen.─Croaking, as of frogs in the abdomen.─Painful sensitiveness of the groins.─Painful swelling of the inguinal glands.─Erysipelatous inflammation, with large vesicles near the navel.─Pressive, stitching, boring pain in region of navel; extending into back and hypochondria; with habitual costiveness; < evening.

13. Stool and Anus

Obstinate constipation, with hard fæces (the lumps being united by mucous threads), and hardness in the hepatic region.─Fæces hard, knotty, of too great a size, and scanty.─A quantity of white mucus is expelled with the stool.─Fæces too soft.─Stools of a putrid, sour smell (with burning at the rectum), or of sanguineous mucus.─Mucous diarrhœa.─Diarrhœa, with tightness of the abdomen.─Fæces of a very small size, like a worm.─Lumbrici and ascarides.─Tænia.─Itching, sensation of excoriation, and swelling of the anus.─Large hæmorrhoidal excrescences in the anus, with pain as from excoriation, esp. after a stool.─Painful and burning cracks between the hæmorrhoidal tumours.─Prolapsus recti with the varices, as if the rectum were paralysed.

14. Urinary Organs

Urgent, anxious, and painful want to make water, with emission drop by drop, with a stitch in the urethra, when emitting it.─Scanty secretion of a deep-coloured urine, soon becoming turbid, with white or reddish sediment.─Urine of an acrid sour smell.─Stream of water small, as if from contraction of the urethra.─During micturition pain in the os sacrum.─Involuntary emission of urine.─Nocturnal emission of urine.─Wetting the bed at night.─Pain in the coccyx when urinating.

15. Male Sexual Organs

Tension and cramp-like pains in the genital parts, with troublesome voluptuous ideas.─Eruption of pimples on the prepuce, and on the penis.─Dropsical swelling of the prepuce and the scrotum.─Dropsical swelling of the testes.─Voluptuous excitation in the genital parts.─Indifference, or extreme excitement of sexual desire.─Violent erections.─Uncontrollable sexual excitement.─Priapism.─Absence of erections in the morning.─Emission of semen, almost involuntary, without erection.─During an embrace painful cramps in the calves.─After an embrace coldness of the legs, exhaustion, heat of the body, and perspiration.─Absence of emission of semen during coition.─Feeble enjoyment during coition.─Flatulent colic during the excitement in the genital parts.

16. Female Sexual Organs

Great aversion to coitus.─Vesicles and pimples on the vulva.─Excoriation on the vulva and between the thighs.─Soreness of the vagina.─Painful swelling of the ovaries; <every time she takes cold or gets her feet wet.─Swelling and hardness of ovaries after menses.─Tearing, grinding, bursting in r. ovary, as if it would burst, before and during menses.─Tumour in r. iliac fossa; also l.─Pain in uterus when reaching high with arms.─Sensation of bearing down towards the genital parts.─Catamenia too slow, too scanty, and too pale.─The first menses delay.─Suppression of catamenia, with heaviness of the limbs and congestions of blood to the head.─Cutting pains on the appearance of the catamenia.─During the catamenia, flow of blood from the anus, pains in the limbs, ulcers become worse, swelling of the cheeks or of the feet, catarrh, with hoarseness and coryza, toothache, or cramps and violent cuttings in the abdomen, headache, nausea, pain in the chest, and weakness.─Before and during the menstruation, fatiguing cough (morning and during the day.).─Leucorrhœa, white and liquid, like water, with tension of the abdomen, and weakness in the back.─Leucorrhœa, before and after the catamenia.─Leucorrhœic discharge occurs in gushes day or night.─Painful sensibility and excoriation of the breasts, with eruption of running phlyctenæ.─Obstruction and induration of the mammary glands.─Hard cicatrices remaining after mammary abscess.

17. Respiratory Organs

Sensitiveness of the larynx.─Catarrhal roughness and hoarseness, with sensation of excoriation, burning pain and scraping in the throat, coryza and obstruction in the chest.─Voice false (for singing).─Accumulation of slimy matter in the chest.─Cough, produced by roughness of the throat.─Cough at night, or in the evening in bed, excited by taking a full inspiration, with oppression of the chest.

18. Chest

Difficulty of respiration and oppression on the chest.─Nocturnal attacks of suffocation, on going to sleep, or on walking in the open air.─Suffocative paroxysm at night, awakens him out of sleep, usually after midnight; must quickly jump out of bed, hold himself firmly to something, and quickly eats whatever is at hand, which gives relief; or hoarse cough (asthma).─Wheezing respiration.─Pain in the chest on ascending, on riding on horseback, on yawning, or on putting the hand on the chest.─Perspiration on the sternum every morning.─Swelling and induration of the mammary glands.─Soreness of the nipples, with small corrosive blisters.─Pressive, cramp-like pain in the chest.─Spasms in the chest.─Shootings in the chest on the least movement.

19. Heart

Palpitation of the heart on the least movement.─(Constant emptiness and coldness about the heart and in chest, with sadness.).─Region of heart: constriction; pressure; stitches.─Sensation like electric shock from heart toward front of neck.─Strong pulsations of blood in whole body, but esp. about heart, < by every motion.─Throbbing in region of heart, in evening, after lying down, when lying on l. side so violent that the covering was moved thereby, with anxiety; disappearing on turning over.

20. Neck and Back

Stiffness in the nape of the neck.─Violent pain in the nape of the neck and the shoulders, on stooping the head, and on raising the arms, like a tearing incision.─Blisters on the neck.─Swelling of the glands of the neck.─Tearing in the glands of the neck.─Bruising pains in the loins, or violent achings in the loins, like squeezing from claws, or from twisting the body.─Contractive pain in the back (between the shoulders).─Sensation of tingling in the back.─Formication in the back.

22. Upper Limbs

Tearing and lancinating in the shoulders.─Sensation of contraction in the joint of the elbow, on extending the arms.─Cramp and tearing in the hands.─Emaciation of the hands.─Erysipelas, callosities, dry skin, and cracks in the hands.─Pain as from dislocation, in the joint of the thumb.─Swelling and inflexibility, stiffness and distortion of the fingers.─Granulated eruption and corrosive vesicles on the fingers.─Arthritic nodosities on the fingers.─Tettery excoriation between the fingers.─Thickness of the nails of the fingers.

23. Lower Limbs

Heaviness, lassitude, and numbness of the legs in the open air.─Excoriation between the legs.─Arthritic tearing in the hip-joint, the feet, and the toes.─Numbness and stiffness of the thighs, and of the toes.─Restlessness in the legs.─Tetters on the thighs, on the hands, and on the tibia.─Sensation of contraction in the tendons of the ham, and in the tendo Achillis.─Tension in the varices, on extending the legs.─Stiffness and want of flexibility in the knee, which does not permit sitting squat.─Cramps and starting of the muscles in the calves of the legs.─Congestion in the legs and in the feet, when standing upright.─Ulcers in the legs.─Swelling of the legs and of the feet, with hardness and shooting pain.─Stiffness of the instep.─Shooting pain, like that of an ulcer, in the heel and in the soles of the feet, on rising from the sitting posture.─Cold feet, even in the evening in bed.─Feet burning.─Fetid sweat on the feet.─Contraction of the toes.─Swelling and distortion of the toes.─Sore pain of the corns.─Callous skin, corrosive vesicles and ulcers on the toes.─Ulceration on the borders of the big toe.─Tettery excoriation between the toes, with violent itching.─Thickness and deformity of the toe-nails.

24. Generalities

Cramp-like pains, cramps and contraction in different parts.─Tension in some parts, as from contraction of the tendons.─Starting and distortion of the limbs.─Arthritic pullings and tearing in the limbs and joints, esp. in ulcerated parts.─Arthritic nodosities.─Tendency to strain the back.─Limbs become easily numbed.─Stiffness and complete inflexibility of the joints.─Hard swellings, with shooting pains.─Nocturnal pains, which are felt even during sleep.─The symptoms disappear after a walk in the open air.─Varices, with shootings, tension, and itching.─Swelling and hardness of the glands.─Pains during change of weather.─General uneasiness (sensation of debility), which extorts groans, without any distinct sensation of pain.─Strong pulsation in the whole body, and esp. in the heart, augmented by the least movement.─Pulling in the whole body, with urgent inclination to extend the limbs.─Sensation of trembling in the whole body, with jerking of the limbs.─Great emaciation.─Great tendency to take cold, and fear of the open air, and of currents of air.─General lassitude.─Rapid failure of strength.

25. Skin

Obstinate dryness of the skin, and absence of perspiration.─Ephelides.─Red spots on the skin, like flea-bites.─Erysipelatous inflammations.─Vesicular erysipelas, like zona, on the abdomen and on the back.─Itching of the varices on the lower limbs.─Itching-stinging on the surface of a mole.─Eruptions oozing out a thick honey-like fluid.─Tetters, and other humid or scabby eruptions, sometimes with secretion of corrosive serum, or with itching in the evening, and at night.─Eruption of pimples and nodules (principally under hair and on covered parts) which itch very much.─Swelling and induration of the glands.─Encysted tumours.─Corrosive nodules.─Excoriation of the skin (in the bends of the limbs, groins, neck, behind the ears), esp. in children.─Unhealthy skin, every injury tending to ulceration.─Proud flesh, and fetid pus, in ulcers, with tearing pains, burning, and shooting.─Scrofulous and syphilitic ulcers.─Burning pain in an old cicatrix.─Deformity and thickness of the nails.

26. Sleep

Great drowsiness during the day, and early in the evening.─Difficulty in falling asleep.─Agitated sleep at night, with frequent waking.─Nocturnal sleep incomplete, as if only dozing.─Unable to fall asleep before midnight on account of a fixed idea.─Unrefreshing sleep at night, followed in the morning by a comatose sleep.─At night, profusion of ideas, sometimes troublesome.─Great agitation at night, with anxious and frightful dreams, oppression and choking.─During sleep, starts, with fright.─Dreams of death and of fire; dreams with meditations.─At night, discomforting ideas, anguish, heat, inquietude, startings, gastric sufferings, and many other affections.─Perspiration about the head, when falling asleep.─Bleeding from the nose at night.─Wakens at night from a suffocative attack.─Constant talking during sleep.─Wetting the bed at night while asleep.

27. Fever

Pulse full and hard, but not accelerated.─Shiverings, morning and evening, with or without heat, and followed by perspiration.─Chill and chilliness, principally in the evening, after 4 p.m.─General dry heat, evening and night, preceded by a chill.─Heat when riding in a carriage.─Perspiration sour, colouring the linen yellow, of offensive smell.─Inability to perspire.─Perspiration, often very fetid, on the least movement, or on the least fatigue, even from speaking.─Nocturnal sweat, sometimes fetid.─Quotidian fever; shaking chill in the evening; an hour afterwards heat in the face, and cold in the feet, without any subsequent perspiration.

APIS MELIFICA

APIS

Apium virus. Honey-bee poison. N. O. Insecta. Tinctures are made of the whole bee; and of dilutions of the poison with alcohol.

Clinical

Abscess. Ankles, swelling of. Apoplexy. Asthma. Bladder, affections of. Carbuncle. Chancre. Constipation; of sucklings. Diarrhœa. Diphtheria. Dissection wounds.Dropsy. Ear, erysipelas of. Erysipelas. Erythema nodosum. Eyes, affections of; optic neuritis. Feet, burning of. Gangrene. Gout. Hands, swelling of. Heart, affections of. Heat-spots. Housemaid's knee. Hydrocephalus. Hydrothorax. Injuries. Intermittent fever. Irritation. Jealousy, effects of. Joints, synovitis. Kidney, Bright's disease of. Labia, inflammation of. Laryngitis. Lichen. Meningitis. Menstruation, derangements of.Nettle-rash. Nose, redness of. Operations, effects of. Ovaries pain in; inflammation of; tumours of. Panaritium. Pannus. Peritonitis. Phlebitis. Pleurisy. Prostatitis. Punctured wounds. Red-gum. Rheumatism. Scarlatina. Self-abuse. Suppressed eruptions, effects of. Sycosis. Syphilis. Throat, sore. Tongue, œdema of; ulceration of. Trachea, irritation of. Tumours. Typhus. Urethritis. Urine, abnormalities of. Vaccination. Varicose veins. Variola. Wounds.

Characteristics

The well-known effects of a bee's sting─burning, stinging, lancinating pain with excessive swelling─give leading keynotes for its employment in a great variety of conditions. In addition to these there is great sensitiveness of the surface to touch. General soreness: "every hair is painful to contact." Great debility as if he had worked hard; is compelled to lie down. Tired and bruised feeling. Great restlessness and fidgetiness (the Arsen. restlessness is more from mental anxiety). Trembling, jerking, and twitching. One half of the body twitching, the other lame or paralysed. Hemiplegia. Apis is more a right-side medicine; symptoms proceed from right to left (Rhus left to right) and from above downwards. In an involuntary proving of Apis in a woman (of forty, strong, florid, of full habit) Who kept bees and was frequently stung without constitutional effect, the following marked and peculiar symptoms were occasionally noted in addition to the better known ones (New. Eng. Med. Gaz., Nov., 1887): Stiffness of lower jaw, soon amounting to a sense of complete fixation. This stiffness extended to tongue and throat, rendering speech difficult and unintelligible, and causing a condition of extreme discomfort, the stiffness being accompanied by a feeling of constriction, which excited a single, spasmodic, backing cough at short intervals. Some difficulty in breathing, especially in inspiration. These symptoms were accompanied by a terrible restlessness. On a later occasion there was dyspnœa, face purple, head thrown back. The same symptoms as above recurred, but the throat was more swollen and the distress extended below the larynx to the upper part of the lung, which soon became very sore and sensitive. An hour after the sting on this occasion a violent cough came on. It seemed to be excited by the constrictive feeling in the throat, but it reached down to the sore place in the lungs, causing great distress. It was a deep, hard, ringing cough, lasting without intermission for three hours. Traces of the cough and soreness lasted for months. Another symptom was an ominous twitching of muscles of extremities controlled by hot foot and hand baths. Ledum gave almost instantaneous relief to the graver symptoms.

The burning symptoms of Apis are distinguished from those of Arsen. in being <by heat. The stinging appears in many diseases and conditions, causing the "crie cérébrale" in acute hydrocephalus and meningitis. Stinging pains in hæmorrhoids. "Redness and swelling with stinging and burning pain in eyes, eyelids, ears, face, lips, tongue, throat, anus, testicles." Œdema of the throat may be accompanied with stinging pains, but if the case is more advanced it may be absolutely painless, and then it is more dangerous. (Bapt. has painlessness in throat affections but less œdema.─Nash.)

Apis has slow action and must not be changed too soon. Increased flow of urine shows it is having a favourable effect. The dropsies of Apis are characterised by a waxy hue of skin, whitish or yellowish; transparent swelling of eyelids; bag-like swelling under eyes; surface of body sore, bruised, or burning. In cardiac dropsy the feet swell after walking, and are intolerably sore and burning. In chest affections there is sensation of contraction (Lach.) and inability to lie down. Tension, swelling, and stiffness of limbs. This tight sensation is manifested in another symptom: sensation in abdomen as if something tight would break if too much effort was made to void a constipated stool. Aversion to tight things like Lach. Prostration even to faintness. Paralytic weakness. Paralysis (after diphtheria and other severe diseases). Nervous, restless, over-sensitive; or hot and drowsy, with or without thirst. < From touch or pressure (though the head is > by pressure). In this Apis resembles the Antimonies, and it is like them in sensitiveness to heat, especially to heated rooms (Puls., Iod., Kali iod., Camph., Secale, Sulph.); < by warmth of bed. Cold water >. Many symptoms (eyes and chest) are < in the night, and sleep is disturbed by piercing cries, or else by moaning and whining. < In morning: mucus in mouth, restlessness, diarrhœa. < In evening: erysipelas, giddiness, headache, chills, fever. Many symptoms are < lying down, and > sitting.

Relations

Compare: Vespa and serpent poisons. Acet. ac. (dropsy); Aco.; Anac. (urticaria); Apoc. can. (dropsy); Arn. (bruised, sore conditions); Ars. (typhoid, gangrene, dropsies, scarlatina, urticaria, chills); Bell. (meningitis, sore throat, erysipelas, scarlatina); Brom. (swelling of ovary during menses); Bry. (meningitis, rheumatism); Canth. (burns, erysipelas, urinary symptoms); Chi.; Colch.; Crot. t. (urticaria); Euphras. (conjunctiva); Fer.; Graph.; Hep.; Hyo.; Iod. (synovitis); Lach.; Lyc.; Merc. Nat. ars.; Nat. mur. (chills, urticaria, tension in ovarian region) Puls.; Rhus (eyes; but Apis has less tendency to suppuration; vesicular erysipelas but darker than Apis and spreading left to right─Apis right to left; typhoid, restlessness, but Apis is more fidgetiness); Rumex (painless, greenish-yellow morning diarrhœa); Sabi.; Sep.; Silic. (ovarian affections with inverted nipples; ulcer on tongue; vaccination effects); Urt. ur.; Zn.Antidotes: to medium doses and poisonings; Nat. mur. in all forms; sweet oil; onions; Ammonia; Ipec., low. (also powdered Ipec. applied locally) Lach.; Ledum. It antidotes:Canth., Iod., Chi., Dig. It follows well: Bry. (when cephalic cry appears); Helleb. (when torpor sets in); Iod., Hep., Merc., Lyc., Sul. Isfollowed well by: Graph. (tetter on ear lobe); Kali bi. (scrofulous ophthalmia); Arsen. (hydro-thorax); Phos. (diphtheria); Stram. (mania); Lyc. (staphyloma); Sul. (hydrothorax, pleurisy, hydrocephalus); Iod. (swollen knee).Complementary: Nat. mur. (the "chronic" of Apis). Inimical: Rhus in eruptive diseases.

Causation

Grief. Fright. Rage. Vexation. Jealousy. (The queen bee is the most jealous thing in nature.) Hearing bad news, mental shock. Suppressed eruptions.

1. Mind

The brain feels paralysed.─Tubercular meningitis.─Impaired memory.─Absent-minded.─Cannot concentrate thought.─Indifference.─Torpor and apathy.─Awkward, lets things fall and laughs sillily at the mishap.─(The mental symptoms are rich in unconsciousness, absent-mindedness, impaired memory, and slow march of ideas.).─Loss of consciousness.─Great tearfulness; cannot help crying.─Children constantly whining.─Screaming, sudden outcry during sleep.─Busy, restless, continually changing his occupation.─Cannot bear to be left alone.─Hysteria.─In women: jealousy; mania from sexual irritation.─Depression, feels as if about to die (without fear of death).─Delirium, low muttering.─Delirium, after suppressed scarlet eruption.─Irritation.─Premonition of death, thinks it is about to transpire.─Dread of death; sensation as if he could not breathe again.─Fear of being poisoned.

2. Head

Giddiness: when sitting, standing, lying, when closing the eyes; with nausea and headache.─Congestion to the head, with suppressed menstruation.─Pressing pain in forehead and temples; < rising; in warm bed; >pressing, the forehead together.─The brain feels tired.─Sudden stabbing and stinging pains.─Aching in l. temple.─Hydrocephalus in children, and apoplexy in old persons.─Hydrocephalus; scalp very sensitive; copious sweat of head; child lies in torpor, delirium interrupted by shrill cries, boring head deep in pillow, rolls it from side to side.─Convulsed on one side of the body, paralysed the other; squinting, grinding of teeth, urine scanty (milky).

3. Eyes

Burning, stinging, shooting, piercing pains in and about the eyes.─Aching over r. eye extending to r. eyeball.─Twitching of eyeballs.─Staphyloma.─Cornea thick, having dark, smoky, spots; greyish, smoky, opaque.─Keratitis.─Conjunctiva reddened, chemosed, lids everted.─Sensation of mucus in the eyes.─Itching in eyes and lachrymation.─Weakness of the eyes, with pain, photophobia, and increased secretions.─Agglutination of the lids.─Œdematous swelling of eyelids; bags under eyes; upper lids hang over like sacs.─Styes with stinging pains; smoky darkness before the eyes.

4. Ears

Redness and swelling of both ears.─Erysipelas; otitis after scarlatina; hardness of hearing.

5. Nose

Swollen, red, œdematous.─Coryza, worse from warmth; chronic catarrh with crusty nostrils; polypus.

6. Face

Œdematous swelling of the face; red and hot, swollen so as to be unrecognisable, with piercing and burning pain; waxy, pale.─Happy expression of face; or terror; or apathy.─Burning, stinging heat in the face with purple colour.─Erysipelas of the face.─Erysipelas of the face, with fever, coated tongue.─Erysipelas going r. to l. (Rhus l. to r.).─Jaws stiff, with stiff tongue and impossibility of intelligible speech.

7. Teeth

Grinding of the teeth; sudden and involuntary biting them together; covered with yellow mucus or brown sordes.

8. Mouth

Lips œdematous; upper lip swollen, hot and red.─Mouth red, burning, stinging, scalding.─Dryness of tongue, mouth, and throat; fiery redness of buccal cavity, with painful tenderness.─Dry, swollen, inflamed tongue, with inability to swallow.─White, dry tongue (with diarrhœa).─Tongue: can hardly be protruded; hangs from the mouth; cancer of.─Swollen tongue; shining.─Borders blistered; feel as if scalded and quite raw.─Ulcer in l. border (r. Silic., Thuj.).─Tongue swollen, dry, cracked, sore, ulcerated, or covered with vesicles.─Viscid, tough, frothy, saliva.─Gums sacculated and look watery.─Fetor of breath, with headache.

9. Throat

Throat has appearance as if stung.─Dryness in the throat with heat, without thirst.─Burning, stinging in throat.─Erysipelatous.─Glossy red varnish.─Inflammation of the throat, with swelling, redness, and stinging pains.─Ulcerated sore throat (in scarlet fever, when the eruption does not come out).─Diphtheritic sore throat gets well as a scarlatina rash develops.─Throat swollen inside and outside; hoarse, sense of constriction; breathing and swallowing difficult.─Ulcers on the tonsils, palate, &c.─Uvula long and dropsical.─Sensation of foreign body or fishbone in the throat; of constriction.─Paralysis.─Small, clear, watery blisters on the back part of the throat.

11. Stomach

No thirst with the heat.─Thirstlessness (with dropsy).─Vomiting of bile.─Vomiting, with inflammation of the stomach.─Vomiting, with diarrhœa.─Burning heat in the stomach.─Great soreness in pit of stomach when touched.─Violent pain and sensitiveness in region of stomach.

12. Abdomen

Great sensitiveness of the abdomen to touch.─Soreness of the bowels and abdominal walls; mornings when sneezing or pressing upon them.─Sensitiveness of epigastrium and whole abdomen to touch; of r. inguinal region; across hypogastrium from ilium to ilium.─Pain in abdomen on pressure, touch and horizontal position, with sensitiveness.─Peritonitis.─Erysipelas from contusion.─Rumbling and meteoric distension.─Ascites and anasarca.─Hard swelling in the r. groin, oblong, as large as a cucumber.─Long-standing inguinal hernia.─Collapse of abdominal walls in meningitis infantum.

13. Stool and Anus

Sensation of rawness in the anus, with diarrhœa.─Discharge of flatus before stool.─Diarrhœa: during fevers; from heat; in debilitated children; from irritability of brain (hydrocephaloid).─Diarrhœa, yellowish-green, with mucus, esp. in the morning.─Stool thin, watery, yellow, < in morning; may or may not be offensive.─Stools smelling very offensively.─Diarrhœa and vomiting.─Diarrhœa is copious, blackish-brown, green, or whitish; orange-coloured; greenish, yellow mucus; yellow watery; soft and pappy, mixed with serum; thin yellow.─At every motion of body bowels act as though he had no power.─Uncertain anus; constantly open (during urination), oozing of liquid (Phos., Phos. ac.).─Swelling of anus.─Hæmorrhoids, with stinging pains.─Constipation, with feeling as if something would break if he continued to strain.─Stools involuntary and painless, or painful and urging, olive-green, profuse, and full of red lumps, like chopped beets; bloody, painless; smell brassy or like carrion; very offensive.─Protruding varices, which sting, burn, and smart intolerably.

14. Urinary Organs

Burning soreness when urinating.─Strangury.─Pain in region of kidneys; soreness on pressure or when stooping.─Frequent desire, with passage of only a few drops.─Urine scanty and high-coloured; with thirstlessness.─Incontinence of urine from coughing and other circumstances.─Urine suppressed.─Too profuse discharge of urine.─Frequent and profuse urination.─Albuminuria of scarlatina.─(Increase of urine under Apis shows that the medicine is acting well.).─Burning and stinging in the urethra.─Burning and smarting in the urethra, as if it were scalded.─Bladder very painful, often tenesmus after urinating.─Urine often bloody, milky appearance; very dark and frothy; very fetid; sediment reddish-brown, like coffee grounds.

15. Male Sexual Organs

Sexual desire increased.─Chancre with stinging pains like bee-stings, and with a highly inflamed circumference.─Pains and swellings of testes and prostate.─Dropsy of the scrotum and prepuce; hydrocele.

16. Female Sexual Organs

Amenorrhœa or menorrhagia.─Inflammation, induration, swelling, and dropsy of the ovaries (r.).─Weight and pain in either ovarian region, predominantly r. side.─The ovaries feel better by lying on r. side.─Enlargement of the r. ovary with pain in the l. pectoral region and cough.─Sharp, cutting, stinging pain in the swollen (r.) ovary; worse during menstruation.─Ovarian tumours, with stinging pains like bee-stings.─Metritis, peritonitis, with stinging, thrusting pains.─Pressing-down pain in the uterus.─Bearing-down, with sensation as before menses.─Dropsy of the ovaries (r.); dropsy of the uterus.─Strained pain l. ovary.─Menstruation suppressed or diminished, with congestion to the head.─Labour-like, bearing-down pains, followed by dark, bloody mucus.─Threatened miscarriage in the early months, with heaviness of the abdomen, restlessness, and yawning.─Abortion.─Abortion during the early months.─Dropsy in the latter part of pregnancy attended with puerperal convulsions.─Ulceration and engorgement of os uteri.─Large and painful swelling of the labia, with heat and stinging pains.─Erysipelatous inflammation of the breasts.─Swelling and hardness of the mammæ threatening to ulcerate.─Scirrhus or open cancer of the mammæ, with stinging, burning pains.

17. Respiratory Organs

Irritation to cough in the supra-sternal fossa.─Hoarseness.─Hoarseness in the morning.─Respiration hurried and difficult (with fever and headache).─Œdema glottidis.─Asthma; worse in cold weather.─Croupy cough.─Obstinate night cough from 9 p.m., to 4 a.m.─Cough which loosens with difficulty, rouses from sleep before midnight and ceases as soon as least particle is loosened, which is swallowed.─Feeling of constriction causing a single, spasmodic, hacking cough at short intervals.─Violent cough, deep, hard ringing; incessant for three hours; excited by constricted feeling in throat, but reaching down to lungs, the upper part of which are very sore and sensitive.─Dyspnœa; esp. difficult inspiration.

18. Chest

Hydrothorax.─Sensation of soreness in the chest, as from a bruise.─Oppression of the chest, shortness of breath, esp. when ascending; inability to remain in a warm room.─Dull, aching pain in the l. side of the chest, near the middle of the sternum, with sensation of fulness in the chest and short breath.─Expectoration of copious, transparent, frothy, bloody mucus.─Stitches in l. side of chest and through back.─Burning, stinging pain through entire front of chest.─Melting in region of diaphragm, as from running violently.─Every shock from coughing gives pain in the head and some pain through the chest, as from the clavicle; >after loosening a small portion of mucus, or a large quantity of transparent: frothy, and bloody mucus is expectorated.

19. Heart

Sudden pain just below the heart, soon extending toward r. chest, with suffocation.─Very feeble action of the heart; violent beats, shaking the whole body; intermittent beats.─Region of heart sensitive to least pressure; rasping sounds of systole and diastole unmistakably audible.─Palpitation of heart from scanty secretion of urine, perfectly cured by establishing the natural quantity.─Pulse: almost imperceptible at wrist; accelerated and full; very frequent and hard; wiry; irregular and slow pulse; intermittent.

20. Back

Rheumatic pain in back and limbs.─Cerebro-spinal meningitis.

22. Upper Limbs

Hands bluish, and inclined to be cold.─Œdema of the hands.─Sensation of numbness in fingers, esp. the tips about the roots of nails.─Panaritium with burning, stinging, and throbbing, very sensitive to touch.

23. Lower Limbs

Cold legs.─Sensation in the toes and whole foot, as if too large; swollen and stiff.─Legs (ankles) and feet waxy, pale, and œdematous.─Burning in the toes with redness; feet cold.─Suppressed perspiration of the feet.─Numbness and coldness of feet, even paralysis.─Dropsy of limbs in diphtheritic albuminuria.─Puffy swelling of the knees.

24. Generalities

Great debility, as if he had worked hard; he is obliged to lie down.─Sudden "puffing up" of the whole body.─Tired, as if bruised in every limb, and esp. in the back, as after exertion; worse on rising after sitting.─Complete anasarca, no thirst, pale, waxy, almost transparent.─Burning, stinging pains, like bee-stings, occurring occasionally.─Great sensitiveness to touch and pressure (abdomen).─Clonic and tonic spasms.─Sudden weakness with coldness.─Tension (over the eyes in the l. side of head) behind the ears, in the neck.─Dark hæmorrhages.

25. Skin

Œdematous swellings.─Skin usually white, almost transparent (ovarian dropsy).─Hives.─Urticaria like bee-stings, or stings from other insects, with intolerable itching at night.─Carbuncles, with burning, stinging pains.─Eruption like nettle-rash over the whole body.─Erysipelas; with gangrenous spots.─Swelling and dry erysipelatous redness.─Scarlet eruptions.─Body covered with large, elevated, white wheals.─Panaritium (burning, stinging).─Boils and swellings of all descriptions with stinging pains.

26. Sleep

Much yawning.─Great desire to sleep; extreme sleepiness.─Sleep disturbed by many dreams.─Dreams full of care and toil; of making long journeys; of flying through the air; of hot stones; of walking over hot floors; of walking a long way over wet roads.─Sleep, late in the morning.─Awakens from sleep with a shrill shriek (child suffering from hydrocephalus).

27. Fever

Pulse full and rapid; small and trembling; intermitting.─Chill, mostly towards the evening (3-4 p.m.).─Chilliness from the least movement, with heat of the face and hands; runs down the back with great prostration.─During hot stage more or less violent headache; generally a continuous deep sleep.─Heat with thirst, wishes to uncover.─Dry heat towards evening with sleepiness.─Sweating stage either absent or of a very light grade.─The sensation of heat is more felt about the pit of the stomach and in the chest.─Perspiration, alternating with dryness of the skin.─Much burning of the skin on various parts of the body.─Thirst wanting during sweat; may or may not be present during heat; always thirst during chill.─Sweat after trembling and fainting, then nettlerash.─After the fever paroxysm, sleep.─Apyrexia: urine scanty; feet swollen; limbs sore; restless; urticaria.